Bilateral Duplication of Renal Arteries.

Routine dissection of a male cadaver revealed the presence of bilateral double renal arteries. On the right side the accessory renal artery originated from the abdominal aorta just above the main renal artery. On the left side the accessory renal artery originated from the abdominal aorta about 1 cm above the main renal artery. Knowledge of the variations of renal vascular anatomy has importance in exploration and treatment of renal trauma, renal transplantation, renal artery embolization, surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm and conservative or radical renal surgery.

Unilateral Variation of Lumbricals with An Incomplete Superficial Palmar Arch.

Lumbricals as a part of intrinsic musculature of hand, are important for precise movements of digits. They perform flexion at metacarpo-phalangeal joints and extension at inter-phalangeal joints. During routine dissection of an adult male cadaver we observed a rare variation of lumbricals of the right hand. The first lumbrical was unusually arched, making a sinuous appearance instead of being linear. The other lumbricals were also showing a sinuous pattern. In addition, the second lumbrical was bipennate in origin. This variation was accompanied by an incomplete superficial palmar arch where the radial and ulnar sides of the arch were separated. Though it’s a case report but we can’t deny a role of evolution process of human being or any occupational impact for better proprioception for such a variation. Clinicians and surgeons should be aware of such variations of lumbricals and superficial palmar arch while dealing with hand surgeries.

Bilateral Anatomical Variation in the Arterial Supply of Face Involving the Facial and Transverse Facial Artery.

We present a case-report whereby a bilateral variation in the arterial supply of face was seen. The facial artery which is the main artery of face was seen terminating in the lower part of the face, as the inferior labial artery and few other branches; the transverse facial artery, which supplements the facial artery normally, was seen to enlarge and take over the course of facial artery, giving the superior labial and lateral nasal branches. The small pre-masseteric branch arising from facial artery was seen only on right side of face. It was absent on left side. Accurate knowledge of the normal and variant arterial anatomy of the facial artery is important for vascular radiology and will provide an anatomical basis to assist surgeons in performing maxillo-facial surgeries successfully. The details of this variation and its clinical significance are discussed herein.

Ultrasonic measurement splenic size of normal & comparison with various medical disorders involving spleen in paediatric Indian population.

Intorduction:The present study was conducted in the departments of Anatomy, Radiology and Paediatrics at a General Public Charitable Hospital, Mumbai. Method: The study group consisted of 160 children of both sexes, who were referred to the Radiology department for ultrasonography. Out of these 160 chidren, 80 underwent sonography for abdominal and/or pelvic problems unrelated to the spleen and 80 children were suffering from medical disorders related to spleen i.e. 55 patients of thalassemia major, 13 patients of malaria, 9 patients of typhoid and 3 patients of portal hypertension. The splenic length was measured by using a commercially available real time ultrasound system with a TOSHIBA ECOCEE USG SYSTEM particularly by using the convex probe. Result: In the present study in abnormal spleen group, there is a strong correlation between weight and splenic size, and between age and splenic size, there is a partial correlation between height and the splenic size. In all the children with clinically obvious splenomegaly, the splenic length exceeded at least 2 cm than the normal splenic length at that particular age.Conclusion : This study shall stand as a good reference to Radiologists, Paediatricians, Haematologists and Physicians in an undiagnosed and complicated cases and will also helpful to determine the mode of treatment in thalassemia major with splenomegaly.